In the diverse toolkit of investigative journalism, few techniques are as controversial as undercover report. The method involves journalists concealing their identities to gather information and expose misconduct, unethical practices, or societal issues that might not be accessible through traditional reporting methods.
Journalists who undertake undercover report must consider the ethical implications of deception, as well as the potential for harming or misrepresenting individuals. While undercover reporting can uncover significant truths, it also raises questions about whether the ends justify the means. Ethical guidelines encourage reporters to weigh the benefits of exposing important truths against the risks of breaching trust and privacy, as well as the potential for long-term effects on public perception or policy change.
While most journalists would agree that undercover reporting should be a last resort, some believe that deception is essential to uphold the first principle of journalism: verifying the truth. They argue that in some cases, such as exposing corruption or other injustices, journalists may have no choice but to lie.
Shapiro notes that any undercover reporting should be done with a team and an emergency plan for when it isn’t safe for the journalist or others involved. She advises seeking out advisors from outside the organization, including lawyers, and making sure someone is checking in with a reporter throughout the duration of the project to keep them on track. It’s also critical to understand the impact of a long-term undercover operation on a reporter’s mental health, and make plans for ongoing support, whether that includes therapy or other interventions.